Binary 0-1 Problems

Binary programming is a form of integer programming.  The word "binary" refers to the decision variables.  When decision variables are binary, this means that they can only take on the values of either 0 or 1.  That might seem overly restrictive, but there are many situations that can easily be modeled using binary decision variables.  For example, the following decisions could be modeled with binary decision variables:
                  - Should we located a new automobile dealership at this location?
                  - Should I choose to apply to this college?
                  - Should I invest in this stock?